大都会月刊，2024年3月
2024年3月27日
Menu
查找文档
查找文档
保障进口供应
我们的基础: 保障进口供应
It is a simple reality: Southern California doesn’t produce enough water locally to meet the demands of our population and economy. 该地区使用的水有一半以上是进口的，其中大部分是通过大都会进口的. 我们把这些水从两个源头带到这个地区:萨克拉门托河和圣华金河，通过 国家水利工程和科罗拉多河，通过 科罗拉多河渡槽. 这些进口水源共同为南加州供水的可靠性奠定了基础. 知道这些重要的进口资源不容易被取代, 大都会航空公司努力确保其在气候变化面前的持续可靠性.
科罗拉多河渡槽:一切开始的地方
The 科罗拉多河 has been the backbone of Southern California’s imported 水的供应 for 80 years. 由大都会建造和运营, the 科罗拉多河渡槽 carries water from the river 242 miles across the desert to Southern California. 它提供了大都会5200平方英里服务区用水的25%.
西南的命脉
大都会航空公司自1941年首次188bet棋牌平台CRA以来, water from the 科罗拉多河 has helped transform Southern California into the thriving region it is today. 这条河也维持着人们的生计, 农场, 企业, 部落国家, 以及其他六个州和墨西哥的野生动物. 但是，尽管对科罗拉多河的用水需求增加了，河水的供应量却没有增加. 随着气候变暖，这种不平衡可能会加剧, 减少河流流域的径流. This is the latest challenge in the enduring struggle to share the 科罗拉多河 among the 40 million people and 5 million acres of farmland that rely on it.
可持续发展的新时代
在过去的二十年里, 大都会 has been committed to increasing the sustainability of the 科罗拉多河 by building partnerships inside and outside California to develop creative conservation and storage programs based on collaboration, 不冲突. The agreements and trust forged provide a critical foundation as water agencies across the west negotiate the next steps needed to address the river’s imbalance.
建造科罗拉多河渡槽
Originally conceived by William Mulholland and designed by 大都会’s first Chief Engineer Frank Weymouth, the 科罗拉多河渡槽 was the largest public works project built in Southern California during the Great Depression. 在七年多的时间里，35000人在沙漠中辛苦地建造了这个工程壮举.
国家水利工程:
运送塞拉利昂物资
Southern California’s other main source of water — about 30 percent of the region’s supply — comes from the Northern Sierra. It is delivered here through the system of reservoirs and aqueducts known as the 国家水利工程, 这是全国最大的国家建造的水电系统. 水汇集在羽毛河, passes through Lake Oroville and weaves its way through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta before entering the 444-mile long California Aqueduct to Southern California. 一路走来, the 国家水利工程 provides a critical 水的供应 to more than 27 million Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego and farmland that produces nearly half of the nation’s fruits and vegetables.
面临风险的基础设施
这个供水系统的核心是萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲, 一个复杂的水道网, 融化, 运河和岛屿, 加州最大的两条河流的淡水与太平洋的咸水交汇的地方. 来自北方的水资源必须经过这个独特的河口才能被带到南方.
三角洲是国家水利工程的关键. 这是有风险的.
海堤易受海平面上升和地震的影响, climate change altering the flow of water and the declining health of the Delta ecosystem threaten the reliable delivery of water supplies through the Delta. 加州水资源部, 谁拥有并经营国家水利工程, is leading an effort to modernize the Delta’s infrastructure with a new one-tunnel conveyance system that will provide much greater operational reliability and flexibility in the face of these challenges. 大都会, 国家水利工程最大承包单位, 有否为该三角洲运输工程提供初步支援.
地震
由于这一地区有几处断层，美国的石油储备不足.S. 地质调查局估计，发生6级地震的可能性为72%.未来30年将发生7次地震. 这样的事件可能会导致沿1,三角洲群岛周围长达100英里的堤坝, allowing seawater to rush in and could render the freshwater that travels between the levees undrinkable for months, 甚至几年.
海平面上升
海平面上升不仅会给三角洲的土堤带来更大的压力, 它们将把海水进一步推向三角洲, 影响水质, 并威胁着从三角洲向加州输水管道取水的入口, 它们只高出海平面几英尺.
土壤沉降
In the 1850s, the Delta was transformed from marshland to farmland, using levees to keep water back. 这一过程暴露了泥炭土, 哪些正在迅速蒸发, causing the land levels to drop and turning the islands into bowls entirely dependent on the levees. 随着下沉的继续, 堤坝上的水压增加了, 使它们面临更大的崩溃风险, 将海水引向三角洲的淡水资源.
渔业下降
许多濒危物种以三角洲为家. Regulators’ efforts to protect these species have largely focused on cutting back water exports through the 国家水利工程, though numerous scientific panels have attributed the decline in the Delta’s ecosystem health to various causes. 在过去的三十年里, 三角洲的出口抽水能力每年减少了200多万英亩英尺.
平衡生态系统健康，水的可靠性和家庭
萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲与加州其他任何地方都不一样. 同时也是该州供水系统的枢纽, the estuary is home to more than 300 species of wildlife – 29 of which are threatened or endangered, 数十个历史悠久的社区和数十万英亩的农田. The fertile peat soil of its islands annually produces $700 million in agricultural crops and its ecosystem supports the commercial salmon industry on the West Coast. 三角洲同时也是水利基础设施的一个组成部分, 关键生态系统, 全州的经济引擎, 是500人的家园,000人. 平衡这些身份是监管者、水资源管理者、生物学家和其他人面临的挑战.
How much water can be pumped out of the Delta for delivery south to cities and 农场 every year depends not only on the amount of snow and rain in the Sierra Mountains, 也会影响三角洲的生态系统和渔业. 三十年来, regulators have increasingly restricted deliveries in an effort to protect endangered species in the Delta, 包括德尔塔的味道. 大都会 understands that 水的供应 reliability cannot improve without also improving the health of the Delta’s fragile ecosystem.
三角洲输水工程是帮助提高供水可靠性的解决方案的一部分. 但单靠这个是无法解决的. 简单地向河口释放更多的水也不会起作用. 三角洲曾经是一片广阔的沼泽地，覆盖着规则和野生动物. 19世纪中期, settlers built levees to drain and reclaim the land and today about 95 percent of the original wetlands and floodplains are gone. 在这个高度变化的环境中，非本地物种茁壮成长，超过了本地物种. 条纹鲈鱼, 亚洲蛤和许多其他入侵者, 大大小小的, 吃的要么是当地居民，要么是他们赖以为生的食物.
应对这些环境挑战需要有科学依据的解决方案, 大都会正在帮助研究的解决方案, 与州和联邦机构合作. 它还将与三角洲地区的所有不同利益集团建立伙伴关系.
加州供水中心
三角洲对该州的经济至关重要, 水的供应, 以及数百万加州人的生活质量. 它是一个重要的生态系统和遗产社区的家园. 了解更多关于这个地方，它的挑战和潜在的解决方案.
未雨绸缪:交换、转账 & 水银行
加州的天气一直变化无常——从非常干燥的年份到非常潮湿的年份. 随着气候的变化, 预计这些波动将变得更加极端, 这意味着大都会进口的水资源波动更大. 确保南加州有可靠的水供应, 不管这些波动, 大都会在存储方面进行了大量投资. 自1990年以来，我们的存储容量增加了13倍, 所以当塞拉或科罗拉多河流域非常潮湿的时候, 我们可以储存水以备干旱年份使用. 部分储量的增加来自于对地表水库的投资, 比如钻石谷湖和米德湖, 通过“故意创造盈余”计划. But equally important is the storage capacity 大都会 has developed through partnerships with water agencies across California for 地下水 banking and exchanges.
全州银行业
通过地下水银行协议, 大都会 stores water with partner agencies along the 国家水利工程 and the 科罗拉多河渡槽. They either put the water into their 地下水 basins using spreading grounds or exchange it for water that they would have pumped out of the ground for use. 在干旱年份, 大都会的进口物资有限, these partners either pump up some of the stored water for 大都会’s use or provide their other supplies in exchange.
城市的合作伙伴:
- 亚热带水银行和交换计划，沃斯科
- 艾尔文爱迪生水管理项目，艾尔文
- 克恩三角洲水区水管理计划，塔夫脱
- 莫哈韦储存计划，莫哈韦
- 羚羊谷-东克恩水务局(AVEK)高沙漠水岸
- 沙漠水务局/科切拉山谷水区高级188bet棋牌平台项目，科切拉山谷
其他用水转移 & 协议
大都会 has developed other partnerships and programs to improve the reliability of imported supplies. 这包括直接的水转移和交换, 在干旱的年份直接购买水, 或者在潮湿的年份换取更多的水. 大都会的投资组合包括与州和联邦水务机构的此类协议, 水区及个人. 在科罗拉多河, 大都会 also has developed specialized conservation programs in which 大都会 invests in agricultural conservation and receives the conserved water.
